How to calculate a mop for electricity

What does MOS electricity mean on a housing and communal services receipt?

Many Russians have recently become concerned about what this line in the payment receipt is - “MOP electricity”. This increased interest in most cases is explained simply - the amounts appearing there look quite substantial, and sometimes they are even higher than the basic payment for the used light in the apartment.

First of all, it is worth explaining that the definition of MOP is as follows: “public places.” That is, in this case we mean electricity spent on lighting:

landings;
elevators;
entrances to the entrances;
basements;
attics, etc.

Where did this expense item come from?

Currently, comprehensive reform of the housing and communal services sector is ongoing in Russia. As a result, many enterprises that provide relevant services to the population systematize their own relationships with consumers, which mainly include people living in high-rise buildings.

They carry out their activities on the basis of a government decree issued back in 2006, number 307. This document regulates the organization of accounting for general household consumption of household services. In particular, a rule appeared there according to which it is necessary to charge for electricity not only consumed in apartments, but also used for general needs.

In 2011, the government also adopted another regulatory act (No. 354) systematizing:

issues of payment for housing and communal services;
its frequency;
the procedure for accounting for resources;
rights, and equally obligations of the parties, etc.

According to Resolution 354, tariffs for the following utilities are also now calculated:

heating;
hot water supply;
electricity.

Thus, since 2011, electricity spent for the common needs of all residents is no longer included in the maintenance of housing and a different standard is used in the calculation.

Accordingly, the cost was entered as a separate line in the bills. Based on the new format, the total consumed services are distributed among the owners or tenants of the premises. However, many citizens still do not have a clear idea of what they actually pay management companies for.

What applies to common areas

The composition of such property has the right to be determined by the residents themselves and local authorities. It is specified in detail in the MKD management agreement. Here is the main list of the property that is included in the MOP in an apartment building (in accordance with Section I of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 491):

premises intended for auxiliary purposes or house maintenance;
roofs, load-bearing structures;
mechanical, electrical, heating equipment that ensures the functioning of the apartment building;
the land plot on which the house is located;
territories adjacent to a residential building;
engineering Communication;
common meters and other property.

Lighting in the entrance, heating of staircase landings, auxiliary premises also belongs to the MOP, payment is made at the expense of the residents, and is maintained in proper condition by the management organization. All work is carried out in accordance with established tariffs approved at the general meeting. Usually they are no lower than those operating at the regional level.

House lighting in an apartment building is paid for at the expense of the owners of apartments and non-residential premises. At the request of residents and if technically possible, energy-saving lamps with automatic control and motion sensors are installed.

Stairs, elevators, corridors, basements and attics must be provided with illumination of at least 20 lux. It is mandatory to install a lamp with a brightness of at least 6 lux above the entrance to the apartment building at a height from the floor of at least 2 m. Such rules are regulated by paragraphs. 5.4-5.6 Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of June 10, 2010 (SanPiN establishing lighting requirements, 2.1.2.2645-10).

Rights and obligations of residents of an apartment building

They are specified in detail in the MKD management agreement. Residents can:

acquire ownership of a part in the common property - together with the purchase of real estate. The share is not allocated in kind;
control the work of management organizations, check the quality of repairs;
dispute the amount of the accrued fee for common property;
by agreement, rent it out and use the proceeds to maintain the apartment building in proper condition.

Residents are required to constantly pay for utilities, including the maintenance of common property and installation of metering devices. They are also required to take care of common areas, other premises and elements of the technical infrastructure of the house.

Some features

How is MOP electricity calculated now?

Resolution 354 clearly states the procedure for distributing payments for electricity spent on general household needs.

So its consumption is taken into account using one meter, installed specifically for this purpose in each apartment building. Its readings are recorded monthly by representatives of the management company and transmitted to the company involved in the sale of electricity.

Based on these data, actual consumption is calculated by subtracting the total consumption for all apartments. The consumption of electricity by legal entities connected to the public network is also taken into account. As a result, the remaining volume is considered the electricity of the MOS.

This is where things get interesting. The government decree states that communal kilowatts are divided among all owners proportionally. That is, those who have more people living in their apartment have to pay more.

The state, for its part, introduced a certain standard for electricity consumption by MOP per person. This value may differ depending on the region.

For example, in Petrozavodsk it is 7 kilowatts per month.

Payment for electricity MOP: change in the calculation procedure (from December 2008

The amount of electrical energy supplied for the operation of lighting devices in common areas and for the operation of electrical equipment included in the common property in an apartment building, according to the Rules for the provision of utility services and the Rules for establishing standards, must be paid as part of the utility fee.

That is, the owners' fees must be paid (to the account) of the management organization. And then the management organization must pay utility service providers, incl. with the electricity supplier for the needs of common areas and the operation of elevators.

What affects the amount of payment?

As experts note, most often the amount charged for MOS electricity is too large due to the following factors:

consumption without concluding a contract;
theft of electricity by individuals;
unauthorized connection to the general network of an apartment building;
a large total amount of equipment that is the property of all residents;
accuracy of readings from individual meters and their timely submission;
wiring condition;
Insufficiently careful attitude of residents towards energy resources.

What is MOP in construction

The concept stands for “places of general visiting.”

These are places that are available for general use, that is, for absolutely everyone.

Such places are the property of the residents of the house.

They cannot be sold without obtaining consent. But still, strangers can use them without the consent of the residents.

For example, a guest can stand under the porch of the house in rainy weather or leave the car in the parking lot.

The purpose of these places is the comfort of people.

In such places, finishing is rarely done. Their appearance is completely unimportant to people.

It should be noted that some people are afraid of such places. This is because incidents from accidents on the roof to robberies in the entrance very often occur in them.

Is it possible to refuse to pay for electricity to the MOP?

First of all, it should be noted that in accordance with the new rules, all power in an apartment building is transferred to the hands of its owners.
And this, in turn, entails responsibility for the property. Further. Electricity itself is by definition a public service. It is provided by the owner of the apartments located in the building. Their legally established duty is to promptly pay incoming bills for the consumption of certain resources.

The amount of the fee directly depends on the data of the common house meter and in total cannot exceed the indicators of the mentioned measuring device. Thus, formally, citizens have no reason not to pay.

Calculation of ODN for electricity in an apartment building

Lamps that illuminate the previously listed common areas in and around the house consume a certain amount of electricity. Also an elevator and other communications that are in common use. Of course, these are expenses, and far from small for a year. These ODN are distributed to all owners of residential areas of the house.

Previously, the utility organization that managed the house could set the ODN for electricity by subtracting the energy consumed from individual apartment meters and general house readings. It was not possible to control how correctly each owner was invoiced under the ODN. And here some cunning, or, more simply put, fraud, of the management organization was acceptable.

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Judicial precedents

At the same time, several years ago, citizens living in the city of Livny, located in the Oryol region, managed to prove in court that they were illegally overcharged for electricity supply to the MOP.

Moreover, the city prosecutor’s office filed a lawsuit against the management company (Zhilservice). Its employees were forced to do this because they received complaints almost every day from citizens living in houses managed by the above-mentioned business entity.

People were sent payments with huge sums, the size of which significantly exceeded the fee for energy consumption in apartments.

It took both judicial and prosecutorial officials a lot of time to study all the documents presented, as well as the current ones:

As a result, it was possible to establish that the problem arose due to incorrect application of the calculation formula. The prosecutor's office noted that representatives of the energy supply company took into account the electricity costs declared by consumers themselves, while they should have relied only on the data received from the meters.

Thus, it turned out that conscientious tenants were actually forced to pay for their neighbors, who were in no hurry to pay off their debts. As a result, the prosecutor's office was able to prove that these actions were illegal and contrary to existing norms.

This is far from an isolated case in Russia as a whole. That’s why it’s so important to check payments and submit claims in a timely manner if charges are suspiciously high.

What is MOP in an apartment building: what is included and who maintains it.

Greetings, dear readers. Today we will figure out what MOP is in an apartment building (MCD). MOP stands for common areas, in other words, it is our joint common property.

Article 36 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation explains which premises of apartment buildings belong to the MOP. In principle, this is the entire area of the house except for apartments that are personally owned by the owners, and the area of the local area.

MOP electricity in housing and communal services receipts: what is it, calculation and what does the population pay for? 2020

First of all, it is worth explaining that the definition of MOP is as follows: “public places.” That is, in this case we mean electricity spent on lighting:

landings;
elevators;
entrances to the entrances;
basements;
attics, etc.

In 2011, the government also adopted another regulatory act (No. 354) systematizing:

issues of payment for housing and communal services;
its frequency;
the procedure for accounting for resources;
rights, and equally obligations of the parties, etc.

According to Resolution 354, tariffs for the following utilities are also now calculated:

heating;
hot water supply;
electricity.

Thus, since 2011, electricity spent for the common needs of all residents is no longer included in the maintenance of housing and a different standard is used in the calculation.

Resolution 354 clearly states the procedure for distributing payments for electricity spent on general household needs.

The state, for its part, introduced a certain standard for electricity consumption by MOP per person. This value may differ depending on the region.

Read also:

For example, in Petrozavodsk it is 7 kilowatts per month.

As experts note, most often the amount charged for MOS electricity is too large due to the following factors:

consumption without concluding a contract;
theft of electricity by individuals;
unauthorized connection to the general network of an apartment building;
a large total amount of equipment that is the property of all residents;
accuracy of readings from individual meters and their timely submission;
wiring condition;
Insufficiently careful attitude of residents towards energy resources.

Further. Electricity itself is by definition a public service. It is provided by the owner of the apartments located in the building. Their legally established duty is to promptly pay incoming bills for the consumption of certain resources.

People were sent payments with huge sums, the size of which significantly exceeded the fee for energy consumption in apartments.

It took both judicial and prosecutorial officials a lot of time to study all the documents presented, as well as the current ones:

This is far from an isolated case in Russia as a whole. That’s why it’s so important to check payments and submit claims in a timely manner if charges are suspiciously high.

The number of people registered in the apartment has no relation to the lighting of common areas. The amount of payment is calculated based on the area of the apartments, since common property is divided in proportion to the area of each apartment, and not to the number of residents,” novichok further explained on the Odintsovo-INFO forum. — The light shines for one person or for seven, the only difference is in the use of the elevator, but this, you know, is unrealistic to calculate who from which apartment used it how many times. I think this expense line will now be easier for residents to track than before when it was included in “Maintenance and Repairs.” It was then that it was generally not clear how long my legs were growing. Now residents can request from the management company at least every month the readings of the common building meter and calculation of consumption for their apartment.”

OJSC Housing and Public Utilities Management Company does not include agency or other remuneration in the fee; it is only, as a contractor, obliged to ensure settlement relations between RKS-Energo and consumers. The management of Housing and Public Utilities Management Company OJSC also decided to equip houses, where technically possible, with communal metering devices by the end of this year, which will allow each house to independently regulate internal resource consumption.

If you have any questions, you can contact the department of the chief power engineer of the Housing and Public Utilities Management Company OJSC during business hours at the address: Vyborg, Zheleznodorozhnaya str., 2, 1st floor.

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Natalya Yuryevna, what caused the change in the procedure for calculating utility bills from September 1? – In accordance with Federal Law No. 261, by July 1, 2012, communal meters for electricity, hot and cold water supply, except for gas supply, had to be installed (they were installed in 2014). On September 1, Russian Government Decree No. 354 “On the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings” came into force. It regulates the relationship between owners and organizations providing services (house management companies, resource supply organizations, housing cooperatives, homeowners associations). If the house is managed by a management company (DUK), then it is the provider of services. All the residents' complaints are directed at her.

The concept of MOP applies only to an apartment building, since only in this single complex of real estate does there exist a relationship of ownership to them. MOP lighting is a housing service provided to premises owners that requires a utility resource such as electricity. A simpler interpretation of the concept is a service for supplying light to a shared space. Previously, this item was part of the article “repair and maintenance of housing”.

But then, what is the reason for their reluctance to pay for a new expense line? What is the essence of the problem? It is only at first glance that the amount payable for lighting the MOP has moved in the invoice for payment from the column “repair and maintenance of housing stock” to the column “electricity supply”. Previously, these expenses were paid according to the tariff for maintenance and repairs, which was approved by the general meeting of owners of residential premises or the local government.

The actual amount of payment for services becomes visible only if a common house electricity meter is installed in an apartment building. It should be noted that the readings of a common house meter reflect both the total energy consumption in all premises and energy losses in intra-house networks, which are also reimbursed by the owners.

The column “Electric energy SOI”, according to legislative changes, should have appeared in January of this year. The legislator limited the amount of expenses for paying for utility resources consumed in maintaining common property in an apartment building with standards. For the transition period, the old standards for ODN, established by the subjects of the federation earlier, are applied. In many areas, the transfer of ODN to SOI has led to an increase in fees for residents, because the recommended standards are high. After the introduction of a new procedure for calculating fees for the maintenance of common property, the Housing and Communal Services Management Company turned to the Government of the Leningrad Region for advice on the implementation of legislative innovations. A new column was included in the receipt: “Electric energy SOI”, but payment for this column in January and February was set to zero.

Thus, residential electricity bills may vary throughout the year. If energy meters are available only in some of the premises, then the calculation algorithm will become more complicated.

Owners of apartments not equipped with meters pay for electricity in accordance with established energy consumption standards, and owners of metering devices must pay for the amount of electricity that differs from what was recorded by individual meters. If all rooms of the house in which there is a collective meter have their own electricity meters installed, then a formula is used in which the total amount of energy calculated according to the relevant standards will be equal to zero. In other words, the cost of electricity spent on the MOP will be distributed according to the readings of individual metering devices. Also, in accordance with Resolution No. 354, the owner is obliged to pay monthly for electricity supply to the MOP, even if he does not live in the given territory. Calculation of lighting costs To determine the amount of electricity spent on public needs, the following indicators are taken:

Total electricity consumption in the house. The indicator is obtained using a special communal meter, which should be in every apartment building.
Cumulative electricity consumption in all residential premises. For this indicator, data from individual apartment meters or consumption standards for apartments without them are taken.
Electricity consumption by legal entities connected to the public network.

Actual electricity consumption in common areas is calculated as the difference between the indicators.

According to Appendix 2 to the Rules for the Provision of Utility Services, the calculation of payment for electricity supply is determined depending on the availability of both general and individual electricity meters. If none of the residential premises of the house have an individual electricity meter, then in accordance with Appendix 2, fees for electricity supply in residential premises should be set according to the number of persons registered in the apartment. From the amount of electricity consumed recorded by the general building meter, you need to subtract the total amount of electricity consumed in non-residential premises for the same billing period. It is this difference that should be distributed among the owners of residential premises. Particular attention should be paid to the fact that in this case energy consumption standards should not be applied.

Also, in accordance with Resolution No. 354, the owner is obliged to pay monthly for electricity supply to the MOP, even if he does not live in the given territory.

Calculation of lighting costs To determine the amount of electricity spent on public needs, the following indicators are taken:

Total electricity consumption in the house.

For this indicator, data from individual apartment meters or consumption standards for apartments without them are taken.

Electricity consumption by legal entities connected to the public network.

Actual electricity consumption in common areas is calculated as the difference between the indicators.

Previously, electricity was included in the tariff for servicing public areas, but now it has been allocated as a separate line.

Thus, there is an excess of the amount of electricity recorded by the common building meter over the total amount, for which the HOA and management organizations receive payment from the owners. Not wanting to suffer losses, partnerships and managers transfer the resulting difference to the owners of residential premises in an apartment building and include in their bills for services such a line as “MOP lighting,” which is accompanied by resistance from the owners.

The reluctance of owners to pay for the electricity needed to illuminate the MOP forces homeowners' associations and management companies to avoid establishing contractual relations for the supply of electricity to the MOP.

In connection with numerous appeals to the administration of the municipal municipality "Gusevsky Municipal District" through the Internet reception, regarding the issue of payment for electricity for common areas in apartment buildings, the department of housing and communal services, fuel and energy complex, road facilities, transport and gas supply reports the following.

Currently, housing and communal services are being reformed in Russia.

As part of this process, service organizations introduce changes in relationships with their clients - individuals living in apartment buildings. In accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 23, 2006 No. 307, as general building accounting is organized in apartment buildings, OJSC Management Company will make charges for electrical energy consumed not only in the apartments, but also for the general building needs of the apartment building.

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Electricity itself is by definition a public service. It is provided by the owner of the apartments located in the building. Their legally established duty is to promptly pay incoming bills for the consumption of certain resources. The amount of the fee directly depends on the data of the common house meter and in total cannot exceed the indicators of the mentioned measuring device. Thus, formally, citizens have no reason not to pay.

Judicial precedents At the same time, several years ago, citizens living in the city of Livny, located in the Oryol region, managed to prove in court that they were illegally overcharged for electricity supply to the MOP.

Moreover, the city prosecutor’s office filed a lawsuit against the management company (Zhilservice).

The indignation regarding payment for lighting of common areas began when residents began to receive receipts in which the amount for lighting of common areas exceeded individual consumption. This is where the problem arises. Energy losses in apartment buildings The collective electricity meter shows, in addition to actual readings, electricity losses in intra-house networks that arise for a number of reasons:

Outdated electrical wiring and lack of energy-saving electrical equipment in common areas.

For example, the lack of energy-saving light bulbs. Breakdown of the individual meter.

A faulty meter does not reflect actual resource consumption.

It is worth noting that there have been no fundamental changes in the logic of calculating the share of common house electricity attributable to the owner of the premises in an apartment building even after the entry into force of the new rules for the provision of utility services, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 6, 2011 No. 354. It is important to note that in 2020 there have been serious changes in the procedure for payment of ODN by citizens: from July 1, 2020, the provider of public services (this is a HOA or management company) does not have the right to present to residents in receipts the volume of ODN, which exceeds the volume of ODN determined using the consumption standard utilities for general house needs. These changes are spelled out in Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 29, 2016 No. 603, which amended the “Rules for the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings.” Many Russians have recently become concerned about what this line in the payment receipt is - “MOP electricity”.

This increased interest in most cases is explained simply - the amounts appearing there look quite substantial, and sometimes they are even higher than the basic payment for the used light in the apartment.

First of all, it is worth explaining that the definition of MOP is as follows: “public places.” That is, in this case we mean electricity spent on lighting:

landings;
elevators;
entrances to the entrances;
basements;
attics, etc.

Where did this expense item come from? Now Russia is continuing a comprehensive reform of the housing and communal services sector.

Every month you receive receipts for payment for services consumed. They are awarded to a citizen living in a given residential area. They indicate how much we pay for gas, electricity, water, etc. New samples differ in the set of abbreviations, color (for example, in St. Petersburg - a pink payment card, in other regions - yellow), etc. An example of a receipt will be given below. In case of accrual of illegal amounts, which means if two receipts are received, with double size, etc., then it is necessary to complain to the authorized bodies.

There are several aspects to consider when answering this question. Thus, according to the law, in an apartment building, receipts for payment of utility services are sent and generated by management organizations. They are authorized to calculate the consumption of the following housing and communal services:

for water supply;
per apartment (depending on the number of persons registered there);
for major repairs, etc.

Citizens receive separate receipts for gas and electricity supplies. This is due to the fact that these organizations are direct suppliers of utility services, and therefore charge directly.

A housing and utility bill looks like this: it is a written document that lists the services for which a fee is charged. Tariffs are also indicated there.

The rent act has the following content:

Indication of the payer.
Address and location of residential premises.
The name of the service provider and its bank details.
QR code.
Data on the services provided.
Tariffs that are applied during calculation.
Total amount to be paid.

Depending on the management company, the receipt may also include services for garbage removal, sewerage, general house needs, heating, etc.

Before you understand the difference between these concepts, you need to understand the meaning of this abbreviation.

Housing and communal services is understood as housing and communal services as a branch of the economy engaged in the study and formation of a range of services necessary for the normal life support of the population.

Housing and communal services are housing and communal services, that is, a specific resource provided to citizens - electricity, hot water, etc.

The concept of housing and communal services is much broader than the concept of housing and communal services, and includes, in addition to the list of services, other essential provisions, legal norms, standards, etc.

Depending on the basis on which a citizen owns housing, the receipt may include various elements. This includes rent, capital and current repairs, housing and communal services, etc.

It is also important to determine the basis on which the total amount payable is formed. First of all, the formation of payments is influenced by contracts concluded by citizens and government organizations (for example, a social rental agreement). Particular attention should be paid to regulations adopted in the region on the provision of utility services. You also need to take into account the tariffs in force in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. The readings of meters installed in citizens’ apartments are also very important.

In this situation, it is necessary to identify what kind of lease is taking place. If this is a social rental, then the rent for housing is also included in the communal apartment.

In situations where there is a civil lease, the rent is addressed directly to the landlord, and the tenant can actually pay it. These conditions must be specified in the contract. The reverse calculation procedure is also possible.

In the housing and communal services sector, legal regulation includes such legal acts as:

Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Housing Code.
Law on Privatization.
Government decree in the housing and communal services sector.
Private contracts.
Regional legal acts.

It is in these legal documents that tariffs for utility services, the procedure for their payment, the procedure for repaying debt obligations, etc. are reflected.

As a rule, regulation most often occurs at the regional level, so special attention should be paid to the regulatory legal acts of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

A utility bill includes a lot of abbreviations that need to be deciphered and understood. Each abbreviation is designated by a set of letters and has its own name. Let's look at some of them.

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This is a rather specific column in utility bills. SEON stands for unified public information system. As a rule, this includes sending messages to citizens about impending natural disasters, etc.

This is one of the most common columns in a payment order. It stands for the phrase “maintenance of common property.” It obliges citizens to pay mandatory expenses for the needs of common property in the house. SOI includes:

maintenance of stairs;
entrances;
elevators;
attic, etc.

The amount of payment for SOI is determined by an agreement between residents and the management company.

This payment applies only to those houses where an intercom is installed. The abbreviation stands for: “ intercom-locking device ”. In some cases, the fee for ROM is issued as a separate receipt.

Citizens are required to pay for its maintenance and maintenance of normal technical condition.

General house needs are an analogue of SOI . These are also expenses for the maintenance of common property. There are no differences in these abbreviations; it all depends on what set of letters the management organization uses to indicate these expenses in the payment slip.

UUTE in the receipt is responsible for the provision of thermal energy to apartments. It reflects how many resources were supplied and at what tariffs the payment is calculated. The inclusion of UTE occurs depending on the season. Explanation of the abbreviation: the evil of thermal energy metering.

Stands for "additional cable program television systems." This column is not available on payment cards in all regions. It constitutes a fee for the provision of telecommunication services, maintenance of a common house antenna, etc.

DSKPT can be appealed by a citizen in a situation where he uses cable TV and an antenna.

In order to understand what POVK means, you need to refer to the norms of housing legislation. This is an additional fee for providing heat to the apartment. A couple more letters are added to this abbreviation, for example, ТХВ.

APPP involves citizens paying for the development and maintenance of systems that protect the house from sudden fire. Such systems do not protect the apartment itself, but entrances, stairs, attics, etc.

AUR is also a specific line of expenses in payments. This includes a set of payments aimed at ensuring the work of the administrative and management apparatus, for example, a management company.

OPU includes the volume and types of costs for the collection, repair and installation of various metering devices, such as water or gas meters.

This is the “daily consumption on the electric meter”. As a rule, such consumption is not indicated in all regions. The night consumption of the EBDT can also be indicated in a separate line.

TPP includes payment for water - “coolant”.

The interpretation of this concept includes the provision and maintenance of gas equipment. VDGO includes stoves, gas boilers, and water heaters. Citizens are required to pay for inspection, repair and maintenance of these devices.

Citizens are also required to pay for wastewater disposal. Payment for this is charged every month. The management company issues such a receipt and also issues an invoice for the allocation.

DHW and cold water are indicated in a separate column. This is, in essence, the supply of hot and cold water to the apartment. This is done through common pipes.

DHW refers to the provision of hot water supply. The column must be filled out in accordance with legal requirements. There is no charge for the consumption of hot water in situations where there is a hot water heater at home.

This is the supply of cold water to the apartment. Payments are collected based on common metering devices (shared in the building) or on individual ones located in the apartment. The calculation is generated for a certain period.

Abbreviations for heating have already been discussed above. It should be noted that the provision of this service is seasonal and, for example, in the summer, no payment for heat is charged.

The form and form of the payment notice (invoice) is a written act that includes the name of the organization, personal account, indication of the consumer and description of housing and communal services (housing and communal services).

The sample can be downloaded here.

As a rule, a separate receipt for major repairs is not printed. This expense line is included in the overall receipt. The amount of contributions is determined by regional legislation or an agreement with the regional operator. As a rule, these are small amounts of money.

This document is published separately. The law sets the tariff, after which the consumption rate is determined. It can be calculated based on apartment metering devices or common house meters installed in the basement.

Tariffs set by the general consumption rate in the region may also apply . In situations where gas cylinders are used, gas supply fees are not charged.

They play a huge role in determining the amount of payment. Devices must reliably indicate how much of a particular resource was consumed. Testimony is verified periodically by authorized officials.

In a situation where the device is faulty, the consumed resources are accounted for according to the general standards provided for in the region of residence of the citizen.

In this situation, you need to contact either the management company (the one that sent you this receipt with an error) or the resource supply organization. As a rule, a written claim is written with a request for recalculation.

If this does not help, the citizen has the right to complain to Rospotrebnadzor, the prosecutor's office or the court, which will oblige the unscrupulous organization to correct its mistakes.

A reduction in payment can occur for various reasons, for example, due to the fact that the family is low-income, a disabled citizen lives in the apartment, etc. The application must be in writing. It can be submitted either directly to the organization that provides the service or through a multifunctional center. The application can be completed by the resident or a representative.

A sample application for recalculation (reduction) of payment for utility bills can be downloaded here. ⇐

In this matter, the following points need to be taken into account:

You can reduce the fee when providing low-quality services.
In the absence of necessary maintenance of metering devices.
With illegally inflated fees.
In situations where the fee exceeds 20 percent of total income.

Only in these situations can you really count on a reduction in utility bills. Everything happens exclusively at the written request of the person, since the reduction is exclusively of a declarative nature.

Thus, the receipt includes many alphabetic symbols and codes: IPU, IND, ZPU, ADS, AZU, AKHN, BULA, VIC, ASPZ, AHR, IKU, OID, SOID, GUP, etc. Essentially, this is one and the same same name for different utilities. For example, OID and SOID apply to the general property of MKD, IPU and IND - mean payment for metering devices, ZPU and ADS - also to metering devices in terms of sealing.

Calculations

Temporary absence of consumers in residential premises - recalculation procedure for 2020

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feel the difference

Do not confuse the concepts of MOP and common property of MKD. As for the non-residential premises of the house and land plot, not all of them are accessible to residents. No one will let you into the basement or attic unless absolutely necessary; you will not be able to get into the elevator shaft or onto the roof.

Common areas are entrances, elevators and courtyard areas. Of course, if there is a winter garden on the roof of your house, you will be able to stay there. And if the general meeting of apartment owners decided to equip storage rooms in the basement, you will have your own key to access it.

We care and protect

If you are interested in a complete list of the common property of the apartment building, read the article “Yard, entrance and ...”. Of course, it is our responsibility to pay for the maintenance of common property, but we must understand that the more carefully we treat it, the longer it will serve us.

And you will have to repair and put things in order less often. Of course, it won’t become cheaper - the tariffs developed by the municipality are the same for everyone (if the houses are of the same type), but it will definitely be more comfortable, quieter and cleaner.

Cleaning up work

Let us recall what types of work are necessary to ensure the normal condition of the MOP:

Identification of faults and breakdowns of individual structures and equipment located on the territory of the MOP.
Checking the presence and functioning of lighting fixtures in and near entrances.
Maintaining regulated temperature in the entrances and air humidity.
Carrying out cleaning of premises and local areas.
Compliance with fire safety rules, maintenance of fire-fighting equipment and alarm systems.
Removal of solid household waste.
Landscaping in summer and snow removal and removal in winter.

Next, we will look at what is included in the mysterious line in our receipts “Maintenance of housing stock” - it is this that usually raises the largest number of questions - paying from 400 to 1,000 rubles (and somewhere more), without knowing for what, is very it's a pity.

Content

MOP include the provision of the necessary types of work to maintain their normal condition. The normative act establishing the procedure for the use and maintenance of places for public use is the Housing Code of the Russian Federation and Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 491 of August 13, 2006.

Types of jobs:

Identification of malfunctions of any types of equipment and their parts located on the territory of the MOP.
Checking the functionality of lighting devices near and inside entrances.
Inspection of fire-fighting equipment and alarm systems.
Garbage removal.
Landscaping in summer.

Cleaning

Common areas must be cleaned. Its regularity, cost and types of work are specified in the contract with the management company.

Cleaning typically includes:

rodent and insect control;
snow removal from the local area;
grass cutting;
roof cleaning;
maintaining the entrance in proper condition.

If there is a garbage chute, then, accordingly, clean this place as necessary.

Repair

The timing of general capital repairs is established based on the characteristics of the technical operation of various residential buildings. However, employees of the management company, when identifying the need for repair work on equipment, elevators, staircases, etc., are required to immediately take corrective action.

Revealing the secret

I’ll say right away that I’m giving a specific example, the figure changes depending on the region: for the maintenance of MOP per 1 m 2 of apartment area the tariff is 9.99 rubles, which, for example, for an apartment of 63 m 2 - an ordinary three-room apartment - is 630 rubles . So, what is included in the mysterious 9.99 tariff:

Maintenance of the entrance – 1.10 rubles.

Sweeping the floor every working day.
Washing the floor - once a month, the 1st floor landing and the elevator car - every working day.
Washing windows, walls, entrance doors and radiators – once every six months.
Cleaning the attic and basement – once a year.
This also includes maintenance and cleaning of the garbage chute, but we don’t have one.

For more precise standards for cleaning entrance premises, see the article “Our home is our fortress.”

Cleaning the local area – 2.40 rubles.

Sweeping sidewalks and areas near the entrance in the warm season - Monday, Wednesday, Friday.
Emptying bins and collecting garbage from the rest of the territory is the same.
Removing snow from sidewalks in winter - as it falls.
Mowing the grass - 2 times in the summer.
Painting of equipment for children's and sports grounds, and other decorative elements - once a year in the summer. Repairs - as needed.
Clearing the roof of snow, eliminating icicles and ice - as necessary.

Preparing apartment buildings for the summer and winter seasons – 1.31 rubles.

Pressure testing, repair and flushing of the heating system - once a year.
Replacement of broken glass, repair of windows and doors - as necessary.
Cleaning of ventilation shafts – once a year.

Minor repairs and inspection of the condition of the MOP - 1.60 rubles.

Checking the operation of the ventilation system, smoke removal system, maintenance and replacement of small parts in electrical equipment - once every six months.
Elimination of emergency situations - as necessary.
Deratization and disinfestation (control of rodents and insects) – once a year.
Checking the operation of MKD engineering systems and eliminating minor problems - constantly.
This also includes maintenance of gas equipment - once every 3 years, but we don’t have it.

Current repair of MOP – 3.58 rubles.

Repairing broken doors, windows, railings - as needed.
Entrance repairs - whitewashing, painting, plastering - once every 5 years.
Roof repair and elimination of moisture leaks - as necessary.
In a panel house - restoration of seams between slabs - as necessary, but at least once every 5 years.
Repair of engineering systems and equipment - as necessary.
Restoring sidewalks, roads and blind areas to normal appearance when they are destroyed - as necessary.
Other repairs to equipment that is in common ownership - as necessary.

If anyone noticed, garbage removal is not on this list, just like there are no other types of work. This is because in our receipt they are listed as separate lines and are not included in the MOP maintenance.

Tricks of the Criminal Code

Have you noticed how much work is done as needed? No, of course, they will actually be completed, but there is a suspicion that these types of work are included in the calculation with a fair margin.

On the one hand, if we take care of our common property, the management company or homeowners association will keep more of the money collected for themselves. On the other hand, the management organization will be able to carry out more work to improve and improve the comfort of the home with a larger amount of stored funds.

And if you are not lazy and create a house council, it will check that not a single penny collected from the residents goes to inappropriate needs.

The MOP existed during Soviet times - nothing has changed in this regard. The only thing that has changed is that we now pay for its maintenance ourselves, and our rich state does not have funds for the needs of housing and communal services.

Let me say goodbye. I hope that the article was useful, so subscribe to new articles on our site and share a link to them with your friends and family on social networks.

Lighting of common areas, cost calculation.

The reform of housing and communal services led to the appearance of housing and communal services in bills. A lack of understanding of what MOP is in an apartment building and how the amount for paying for electricity is calculated still causes controversy and indignation among residents of high-rise buildings.

Readers discuss: About paying for electricity for MOP

Residents do not refuse to pay for the MOP, but want to receive a clear explanation: how the Venevsky section of Tulaenergosbyt calculates the electricity used in the MOP for each tenant. Example: for nine months of this year, the tenant used 878 kilowatts of electricity, including all the equipment he had. For the same period, according to the receipt for the MOP, a bill was presented for 376 kilowatts, that is, 42.8% of the electricity used in the apartment. And if we look at it monthly, it turns out even more interesting: January—62.5%, February—62.5%, March—73%, April—52.8%, May—11.25%, June—5%, July— 22%, August—34%, September—33.3%. What is this, gentlemen of the energy sector of the Venevsky section of Tulaenergosbyt? What kind of puzzle is this that you offered me and all the Venevians?

The newspaper editor received a letter from our reader S.I. Borzdogo, in which he reflects, analyzes what complicates the lives of many residents of the area today, “especially the elderly and the poor,” dwelling in detail on one pressing problem - charging for the use of electricity in public places.

27 Jul 2020 yslygiur 1283

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Concept of MOS lighting

The abbreviation MOP stands for common areas in an apartment building, which, in accordance with Article 36 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, include: landings, attics, basements, elevators and elevator shafts, corridors, etc. The concept of MOP applies only to an apartment building, for it is only in this single complex of real estate that there is a relation of ownership to them.

MOP lighting is a housing service provided to premises owners that requires a utility resource such as electricity. A simpler interpretation of the concept is a service for supplying light to a shared space. Previously, this item was part of the article “repair and maintenance of housing”. But in Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 of 05/06/2011 “On the provision of public services”, electricity supply in public places of apartment buildings was allocated as a separate service.

Who pays

Expenses for the provided housing and utility services, including the maintenance of the MOP, in accordance with Art. 39 clause 1 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation is borne by the owners of residential and non-residential premises. Also, in accordance with Resolution No. 354, the owner is obliged to pay monthly for electricity supply to the MOP, even if he does not live in the given territory.

Calculation of the amount of payment for electricity at one station

In order to calculate the “ceiling” for one unit, you need to know several figures: the amount of electricity consumed by the house for general household needs; standard for electricity consumption at ODN; the total area of the premises that are part of the common property in the house; the total area of all residential premises (apartments) and non-residential premises in an apartment building and the total area of your apartment.

Another figure that you need to find out before you start calculating is the utility consumption standard for electricity supply for general house needs for your home. Such standards were approved by order of the Committee of Housing, Communal Services and Fuel and Energy Complex of the Kursk Region dated February 25, 2014 No. 12. The amount of electricity consumption depends on the number of floors in the house, the presence of an elevator, cold and hot water supply pumps, heating and fire protection systems. It is advisable to know which of the following is in the house. If there is no such information, then you can focus on the first two columns in the table - number of floors and the presence of an elevator.

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Lighting cost calculation

To determine the volume of electricity spent for public needs, the following indicators are taken:

Total electricity consumption in the house. The indicator is obtained using a special communal meter, which should be in every apartment building.
Cumulative electricity consumption in all residential premises. For this indicator, data from individual apartment meters or consumption standards for apartments without them are taken.
Electricity consumption by legal entities connected to the public network.

Actual electricity consumption in common areas is calculated as the difference between the indicators. It is multiplied by the tariff established in the region and divided among all owners, in proportion to their share in the right of common ownership of the property. It turns out that the area of the property affects the amount of payment. The exact calculation formula is presented in Appendix No. 2 to Government Resolution No. 354.

According to Art. 13 Clause 5 of Federal Law No. 291 of 04.11.09 “On Energy Saving”, each multi-storey building must be equipped with collective metering devices for utility resources, which includes electricity, by 01.07.2012. If the owners have not done this themselves, then by July 1, 2013, the meter will be installed by the resource supply company.

In accordance with paragraph 7 of Art. 11 of this law, when constructing a new apartment building, the developer must ensure that the building complies with energy efficiency requirements and that the new building is equipped with metering devices.

In a number of old houses, a collective meter is not installed, so the payment for lighting public premises is calculated according to the electricity consumption standards established in each region and distributed in the same way as the previous method. It is worth noting that payment according to standards involves the use of increasing coefficients. This measure was introduced to increase the motivation of owners to install communal metering devices.

How is the ODN standard for electricity calculated and what is its size in 2020?

Electricity by ODN = (Values recorded on the electric meter - The total amount of electricity consumed in non-residential square meters that do not belong to common property - The total amount of resource in all residential apartments where meters are installed - The volume of electricity used in apartments where there are no meters) × Apartment area × The area of all apartments in a multi-storey building.

In the Novosibirsk region, from January 1, 2020, an updated standard for electricity consumption according to ODN per 1 sq. m for 3-storey apartment buildings with a value of 0.907 kW/h per month, for 5-storey buildings 2,210 kW/h, 12-storey buildings 4,411 kW/h, 13-storey buildings depending on the availability of an individual heating point - from 6,128 to 7,014 kW/h .
In the Rostov region, if a high-rise building is equipped only with light bulbs, you will have to pay 0.6 kW/h per month for one light bulb. If there is an elevator, the standard for electricity consumption increases to 1.7 kW/h. Pumping equipment in the house requires payment based on light consumption plus 0.9 kW/h.
In Saratov, residents of an apartment building with 2 floors pay for resource consumption with lighting fixtures in the entrances of 0.59 kW/h per month, the number of floors on 4 floors increases the size to 0.84 kW/h, and with a pumping device the standard reaches 0.97 kW /h. In a 9-story building, the ODN standard for light in 2020 is 1.82 kW/h at a minimum, there is an elevator - pay 2.4 kW/h, a pump - 2.10 kW/h, power plants - 2.72 kW/h .

Problems in calculating MOS lighting

Why is the problem of lighting in public spaces so acute, since residents had previously paid for this service as part of another item. Until 2012, the amount for the item “repair and maintenance of housing stock” was calculated according to the tariff, i.e. was fixed.

Currently, with public meters, they use actual readings, which may vary throughout the year. The indignation regarding payment for lighting of common areas began when residents began to receive receipts in which the amount for lighting of common areas exceeded individual consumption. This is where the problem arises.

Energy losses in MKD

In addition to actual readings, a collective electricity meter shows electricity losses in intra-house networks that arise for a number of reasons:

Outdated electrical wiring and lack of energy-saving electrical equipment in common areas. For example, the lack of energy-saving light bulbs.
Breakdown of the individual meter. A faulty meter does not reflect actual resource consumption. There are often cases when residents of a house deliberately do not notify the energy supply organization about a breakdown and use special devices to prevent the device from working correctly.
Illegal connection to the public network. Independent connection to the line, bypassing the meter, and the absence of an agreement with the energy retailer also lead to non-accounting of the resource.
Lack of proper organization for recording data from metering devices in the house. For example, taking individual apartment meter readings from the 23rd to the 27th of the month, and taking collective meter readings on the 29th, leads to significant data distortion.
Inefficient use of electrical equipment on common property (lights on during the day, strong lighting at night)

Maintenance, repair and maintenance of electrical networks is carried out by a management company, to which the owners pay for the maintenance of public property, including intra-house electrical networks. In case of improper performance of duties, leading to possible reasons for increasing energy costs in premises that are part of common areas, residents have the right to demand high-quality maintenance and replacement of equipment.

An important factor in the indignation of residents related to the incorrect calculation of the amount for electricity spent on lighting common areas is the so-called “payment for a neighbor.” Unscrupulous residents transmit false data, connect bypassing the meter, etc., which leads to losses that the HOA and management company distribute among the owners.

Payment for electricity to MOP from a legal point of view

Typically, management organizations and homeowners associations become the “extreme” in this situation. The reluctance of owners to pay for the electricity needed to illuminate the MOP forces homeowners' associations and management companies to avoid establishing contractual relations for the supply of electricity to the MOP. The energy supply organization goes to court and demands collection of the debt for electricity that was actually supplied to the house. In most cases, courts recognize such claims as justified and satisfy the claims in full on completely legal grounds.

Separately, the issue of distributing the cost of paying for electrical energy between the owners, consumed for the needs of the entire house, should be considered. According to Appendix 2 to the Rules for the Provision of Utility Services, the calculation of payment for electricity supply is determined depending on the availability of both general and individual electricity meters.

Liability for non-payment

Based on agreements with resource supply companies, homeowners' associations and management companies are obligated to pay for the resources provided, since they are providers of utility services. The energy supplier has the right to sue for non-payment with a demand to collect the debt, and the court, in most cases, satisfies these claims. In turn, the management company and the homeowners association file claims to collect the debt from the owner, since it is his responsibility to pay for the utility resource provided to him.

Reforming the housing and communal services brings a number of innovations that residents of the country cannot always immediately understand. The appearance of a new item “MOP electricity” on the receipt was no exception. Poor awareness of the population about what this service is leads to reluctance to pay for it. Each owner should know that the power supply of premises related to common areas is a service that has always existed, but became a separate type relatively recently, so the responsibility for paying for it lies on his shoulders. To resolve problems or disputes related to the provision of this service, it is recommended to contact the Criminal Code.

Electricity tariffs for the Moscow region from July 1, 2020

*** - providers of utility services (homeowners' associations, housing construction, housing or other specialized consumer cooperatives or management organizations) purchasing electrical energy (power) to provide utility services to owners and users of residential premises and maintenance of the common property of apartment buildings; landlords (or persons authorized by them) providing citizens with residential premises of a specialized housing stock, including residential premises in dormitories, residential premises of a flexible fund, residential premises in houses of the social service system, residential premises of a fund for the temporary settlement of forced migrants, residential premises of a fund for temporary residence of persons recognized as refugees, as well as residential premises for the social protection of certain categories of citizens, acquiring electrical energy (power) to provide utility services to users of such residential premises in the amount of electricity consumption by the population and maintenance of common areas in houses in which there are residential premises specialized housing stock;

** - providers of utility services (homeowners' associations, housing construction, housing or other specialized consumer cooperatives or management organizations) purchasing electrical energy (power) to provide utility services to owners and users of residential premises and maintenance of the common property of apartment buildings; landlords (or persons authorized by them) providing citizens with residential premises of a specialized housing stock, including residential premises in dormitories, residential premises of a flexible fund, residential premises in houses of the social service system, residential premises of a fund for the temporary settlement of forced migrants, residential premises of a fund for temporary residence of persons recognized as refugees, as well as residential premises for the social protection of certain categories of citizens, acquiring electrical energy (power) to provide utility services to users of such residential premises in the amount of electricity consumption by the population and maintenance of common areas in houses in which there are residential premises specialized housing stock;

08 Feb 2020 juristsib 1067

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The Ministry of Construction explained how to pay for general house needs

For example, you can use LED bulbs and motion sensors in entrances to save energy. If you install a closer on the front door, it will not be open in winter - heat loss will be reduced. The house must have a common house meter in order to pay for actual consumption, and not according to standards. Your management company should be responsible for all this.

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And what has changed?

For example, there are only five houses with innovative technologies in the region. They use solar energy to illuminate the yard, and purify wastewater and water the flower beds with it. By default, the authorities will not calculate separate standards for such houses. But if the management company justifies the request, they can calculate it.

The rules may differ depending on the region in which the citizen lives. Much also depends on the type of housing - whether it is a private or multi-apartment building, what is the total area of the property, the number of apartments in the building and the current load of appliances.

The owner of an apartment in a multi-storey building is obliged to participate in payments for general house electricity costs in accordance with the share of his living space. That is, the amount of payment directly depends on the area of the apartment. This procedure can be followed if the building is equipped with a collective meter. In a house that is not equipped with a metering device, payments for MOP electricity are made based on the standards established in the region.

Standard electricity consumption per person without a meter in Russia from 2020

If the owners of an apartment building have chosen the management method of a management organization, homeowners association, housing cooperative or other specialized cooperative, the electricity supply consumed during the maintenance of common property is included in the payment for the maintenance of residential premises and is calculated based on consumption standards established by local governments, or according to the readings of a common house appliance accounting, if such a decision was made at a general meeting of owners of the premises of such a house.

N one - consumption standard for electricity provided for the billing period for general house needs in an apartment building, established in accordance with the Rules for establishing and determining standards for the consumption of utility services, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 23, 2006 No. 306

» payment for electricity provided for general building needs for an apartment located in an apartment building; a communal metering device for electricity supply was installed in the apartment building ; » there are no non-residential premises in the apartment building.

First of all, we determine that this calculation is performed:

The amount of payment for electricity supply in residential/non-residential premises equipped with an individual and (or) general (apartment) metering device for electricity supply is determined in accordance with paragraphs 42 and 43 of the Rules, according to formula No. 1 :

The remaining amount is distributed to office premises, stairs, elevators and for the general functioning of equipment in the house. Therefore, light in almost every house is used around the clock, despite the fact that the residents themselves can save on their living space.

This value may change. There are several factors that have a significant impact on its formation, such as time of year, region of the country, and also cannot exceed the indicators specified in regulations.

Scheme for calculating ODN costs in 2020

If we talk about old apartment buildings, then large losses can be associated with the wear and tear of the building itself and utility networks. Only additional costs can improve the situation, since existing payments cover only monthly needs. There is no extra money, so it was not possible to purchase, for example, control devices or modernize old ones.

Electricity consumption for general household needs was previously described in the receipt as a separate line “ONE”, but due to changes in the calculation of utility bills dated January 1, 2020, this column was removed from the bills. However, the amounts suddenly increased sharply, with which the Russians absolutely do not agree.